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The Briny Deep
1. Introduction
The Briny Deep
Menu
1. Introduction
2. Salt in Seawater?
3. Ions of Salt
4. Source of the Salt?
5. Salinity Variability
6. Salinity & Precipitation
7. Salinity & Precipit II
8. Salinity Summary
9. Calculating Salinity
10. Ocean Temperature
11. Solar Radiation
12. Properties
13. Light Penetration
14. Temperature
15. Thermocline
16. Density
17. Layering
If Necessary,
Download Worksheet for Expedition
from Course Workbook
Don's Introduction
Portions of this expedition have been extracted with permission from:
"Why is the Ocean Salty?"
Written by Herbert Swenson of the U.S. Geological Survey and adapted to the WWW by June Langhoff and Annie Kook, the Water Cycle from the U.S. Geological Survey
Several maps and figures have been graciously provided by Matthias Tomczak and are copyright-protected.
Objective: To learn about the Chemical and Physical Properties of the Ocean and their Role in Governing Oceanic Processes
"It is estimated that of the 332,500,000 cubic miles (mi3) (1,386,000,000 cubic kilometers (km3)) of the world's water supply, about 321,000,000 mi3 (1,338,000,000 km3) is stored in oceans. That is about 96.5 percent of the total volume on the planet. It is also estimated that the oceans supply about 90 percent of the evaporated water that goes into the water cycle.
The oceans hold 96.5 percent of the total volume of water on the planet
Image from NASA
Chapter 1 in your book, Mapping the Deep, discusses the origin of water on this planet, principally due to the billions and billions of impacts of comets, "dirty snowballs" from outer speace.
The volume of water in the ocean varies, just a little bit, over time due to the waxing and waning of the polar ice caps and continental glaciers as a result of climate change.
During colder climatic periods more ice caps and glaciers form, and enough of the global water supply accumulates as ice to lessen the amounts in other parts of the water cycle. During the last ice age glaciers covered almost one-third of Earth's land mass, with the result being that the oceans were about 400 feet (122 meters) lower than today. During the last global "warm spell," about 125,000 years ago, the seas were about 18 feet (5.5. meters) higher than they are now. About three million years ago the oceans could have been up to 165 feet (50 meters) higher."
©Copyright 1999
March 13, 1999
Send to Don Reed
Department of Geology
San Jose State University
How is the salt content in seawater measured? (Ocean Salinity)